In 2024, 12 EU countries had operational nuclear reactors: Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Spain, France, Hungary, the Netherlands, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden.
Romania ranked 10th, with a production of 10,991 GwH, down nearly 1.7% versus 2023. Cernavoda, Romania’s sole nuclear power plant, now has two operational reactors, each of 700 MW.
The total production of nuclear heat in the EU in 2024 was 154 856 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent (toe), a drop of 25.9% compared with 2014 and 2% compared with 2023. At country level, the most decreases compared with 2023 were registered in Netherlands (-10.9%) and Belgium (-5.2%).
The largest producer by far of nuclear power within the EU in 2024 was France, with a 58.6% share of the EU total, followed by Spain (8.4%), Sweden (5%) and Belgium (4.8%). These 4 EU countries produced 79.6% of the total amount of electricity generated in nuclear facilities in the EU in 2024
Between 2006 and 2024, contrary to the general EU trend, 7 countries increased their nuclear electricity production: Romania, whose nuclear power production began only in 1996 (+93.8%), Finland (+42.3%), Hungary (+19%), Czechia (+14.2%), Slovenia (+5.2%), the Netherlands (+3.2%), and Slovakia (+1.2%). During the same period, the remaining countries (including the main producers) decreased their nuclear electricity production. Lithuania definitively shut down its nuclear facilities in 2009, Germany in April 2023. Belgium recorded the highest decrease (-33.0%), followed by Sweden (-24.4%), Bulgaria (-19.6%), France (-15.5%), and Spain (-9.3%).
In 2024 at EU level, 23.3% of all electricity produced was generated by nuclear power plants. France had the highest share of nuclear in its electricity mix (67.3%), followed by Slovakia (61.6%) and Hungary(42.2%). The Netherlands was on the other end of the spectrum with 2.9%.