The local subsidiary will be headed by Guo Lixin as general manager.
Bank of China notified the Romanian central bank earlier this year of its intention to launch direct operations in Romania.
The bank, which is the first Chinese financial institution to start operations in Romania, is fully owned by the state though a holding and is listed on the stock market in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
In the region, Bank of China also operates in Hungary, Austria, Czech Republic and Poland.